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Education · book
No longer sold new: look for it in a library, or for a used copy.
A World Bank study of health, education and social services in the ARMM, the country's poorest region. It argues that better human development is needed for peace and growth in Muslim Mindanao.
This World Bank study, by Teresa J. Ho, sets out the state of human development in the ARMM in 2003. It asks why outcomes were so poor, and how far public and private services eased or worsened them.
The study names 3 main causes of the region's large gaps in basic education and health: extreme poverty, conflict and historical disadvantage. It looks in depth at the education sector, the health system and social protection. It asks why the ARMM lagged other regions, and what could be changed with the money available and under the political and social conditions of the time.
It ends with recommendations on public spending levels and on actions for each sector.
From documents.worldbank.org.

1981In print
The Sulu Zone, 1768–1898James Francis Warren
The Sulu Sultanate at its height as a trading state: the China trade in sea produce, the slave raiding that fed it, and the peoples it drew in, from Spanish, British and Dutch archives. The book that made the Sulu Zone a field of study. Second edition 2007.
1994Out of print
The Minoritization of the Indigenous Communities of Mindanao and the Sulu ArchipelagoB. R. (Rudy) Rodil
How the Moro and Lumad peoples became minorities in their own homeland: the land laws, the resettlement programmes and the migration from Luzon and the Visayas, with the figures.
2002Self-published
History of the Moro and Indigenous Peoples in MinSuPalaBen J. Kadil
A Moro teacher’s history of the peoples of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan, written as a textbook and printed by the author.

2004Free to read
The Moro ConflictEric U. Gutierrez and Saturnino M. Borras Jr.
The argument that land, not religion, is at the root of the Moro conflict: how colonial and Philippine land policy dispossessed the Moros and why the peace deals have not touched it. Free to read.

2014In print
Insurgents, Clans, and StatesFrancisco J. Lara Jr.
Why the conflict keeps returning: the clans, the rebel fronts and the state as rival sources of authority in Muslim Mindanao, and the shadow economy that sustains all three.
2013Free to read
Out of the Shadowseds. Francisco J. Lara Jr. and Steven Schoofs
The shadow economies of Mindanao, from guns and drugs to the informal credit and trade that ordinary people live by, and how they feed and are fed by the conflict. Free to read.

2005Free to read
Joint Needs Assessment for Reconstruction and Development of Conflict-Affected Areas in MindanaoWorld Bank
The main report of a large needs assessment of conflict-affected areas of Mindanao, made jointly with the government, international agencies and local stakeholders. It sets out what reconstruction and development would need after a peace agreement with the MILF, and led to the Mindanao Trust Fund.

2015Free to read
Making Education Spending Count for the Children of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)World Bank
A review of how public money for basic education is spent and managed in the ARMM, where learning outcomes are the lowest in the country. It recommends ways to make that spending reach schools and children.

2019Free to read
Unlocking the Potential of the Bangsamoro People through the Alternative Learning SystemWorld Bank
A World Bank report on the Alternative Learning System, the second-chance education programme for out-of-school youth and adults, in the Bangsamoro region. It looks at who needs it and how the new BARMM can expand and improve it.

2020Free to read
The Transition to Universal Health Coverage in BARMMWorld Bank
A long study of how health services are delivered and paid for in the BARMM as the region takes up the national Universal Health Care law. It maps gaps in facilities, staff and financing and sets out options for the new regional Ministry of Health.

2024Free to read
Beyond the NumbersWorld Bank
An edition of the World Bank's Philippines Economic Update whose special focus is poverty in the BARMM. It looks at how poverty in the region fell and what is needed to keep it falling.